Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

Which drug is routinely monitored with blood levels because of its narrow therapeutic range?

1. AAmoxicillin
2. BOmeprazole
3. CLoratadine
4. DLithium

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days
2. BIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed
3. CIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months
4. DIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
2. BSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
3. CSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none
4. DPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen

A patient taking furosemide has a potassium of 3,3 mEq/L and is told to eat more potassium-rich foods. Which snack is the best choice?

1. AWhite bread
2. BDried apricots
3. CPlain crackers
4. DRice cakes

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. AClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
2. BFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
3. CCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5,8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
2. BTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
3. CThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
4. DFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher

A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
2. BAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
3. CThe patient has started a viral illness
4. DDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level

A patient with sepsis has the following new results. Which set best shows organ dysfunction?

1. AWBC 11,5 × 10³/µL, potassium 4,2 mEq/L, albumin 3,8 g/dL
2. BCalcium 9,4 mg/dL, phosphate 3,5 mg/dL, magnesium 1,9 mEq/L
3. CHemoglobin 12,5 g/dL, sodium 138 mEq/L, glucose 105 mg/dL
4. DPlatelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised