Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 1,005–1,030
2. BAbout 1,100–1,300
3. CAbout 0,900–0,990
4. DAbout 1,040–1,060

Which laboratory test best reflects the body's iron stores?

1. APlatelet count
2. BSerum ferritin
3. CSerum albumin
4. DSerum sodium

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ARed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
2. BGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
3. CBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. ADisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
2. BPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
3. CAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
4. DRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip

A patient is starting atorvastatin. Which laboratory test is usually checked at baseline?

1. ALiver enzymes
2. BThyroid antibodies
3. CBlood cultures
4. DSerum lipase

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum potassium, which may rise too high
2. BSerum calcium, which may rise too high
3. CSerum glucose, which may rise very high
4. DSerum sodium, which may fall too low

A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1,4 to 2,0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?

1. AGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
2. BIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
3. CReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
4. DRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. AMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine
2. BBleeding is coming from the bladder lining
3. CThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood
4. DA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining