Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

What is the usual BUN-to-creatinine ratio in a healthy adult (using mg/dL)?

1. AAbout 10:1 to 20:1
2. BAbout 100:1 to 200:1
3. CAbout 1:1 to 2:1
4. DAbout 50:1 to 60:1

In a standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, what does the patient do?

1. AEats a normal meal, and glucose is checked once later that evening
2. BFasts for 3 days, and glucose is checked every morning before breakfast
3. CDrinks a measured glucose solution, and glucose is checked 2 hours later
4. DReceives an insulin injection, and glucose is checked each hour

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 135–145 mEq/L
2. BAbout 98–106 mEq/L
3. CAbout 22–28 mEq/L
4. DAbout 3,5–5,0 mEq/L

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ALiver function tests and platelet count
2. BTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
3. CThyroid function and serum calcium
4. DSerum lithium and urine specific gravity

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
2. BAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
3. CStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2,0–3,0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. ALower, about 1,0–1,5
2. BMuch higher, about 5,0–6,0
3. CThe same, 2,0–3,0
4. DHigher, about 2,5–3,5

At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?

1. AHemoglobin 11,0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
2. BSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
3. CGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes
4. DPotassium 5,2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10,5 mmol/L), pH 7,15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
2. BRespiratory acidosis from COPD
3. CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
4. DSimple fasting ketosis only