Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

What is the usual BUN-to-creatinine ratio in a healthy adult (using mg/dL)?

1. AAbout 1:1 to 2:1
2. BAbout 10:1 to 20:1
3. CAbout 50:1 to 60:1
4. DAbout 100:1 to 200:1

What is the usual urine dipstick result for protein in a healthy adult?

1. APositive only in the morning
2. BNegative or trace
3. CStrongly positive (+++)
4. DAlways moderately positive

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample
2. BA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
3. CAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
4. DA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action

Після операції на гіпофізі пацієнт виділяє близько 400 mL блідої сечі за годину з питомою вагою 1,002, а натрій піднявся до 149 mEq/L. Який стан найімовірніший?

1. AГіперглікемія з кетоацидозом
2. BSIADH
3. CНецукровий діабет
4. DГостре ураження нирок з олігурією

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. AClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part
2. BFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
3. CCollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet

A patient's levothyroxine dose was changed today. When is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 6–8 weeks
2. BAfter about 24 hours
3. CAfter about 3 days
4. DAfter about 1 year

A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?

1. AMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
2. BMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
3. CPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
4. DMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid

A patient with heavy alcohol use and a poor diet has a hemoglobin of 10,1 g/dL (101 g/L), an MCV of 110 fL and a low red cell folate. Which explanation fits best?

1. AFolate deficiency, made worse by a direct alcohol effect
2. BIron deficiency from slow, chronic bleeding in the gut
3. CThalassemia trait inherited from one of the parents
4. DAnemia caused by long-standing chronic kidney disease