Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down fat completely with oxygen
2. BBreak down glucose without enough oxygen
3. CBreak down protein in the liver for energy
4. DStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ASodium is excreted and potassium is retained
2. BSodium is retained and potassium is excreted
3. CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
4. DCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease
2. BIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months
3. CIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed
4. DIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
2. BThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
3. CThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
4. DThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ABlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
2. BSerum calcium, because it falls sharply
3. CSerum sodium, because it rises quickly
4. DHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss

A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?

1. AWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
2. BLifelong oral folic acid tablets only
3. CLifelong vitamin B₁₂ replacement
4. DMonthly transfusions of red blood cells

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ASpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2. BMalignant ascites from cancer
3. CBleeding into the abdominal cavity
4. DNormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis

A patient has fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Results: TSH 24 mIU/L, free T₄ low, total cholesterol 285 mg/dL (7,4 mmol/L), sodium 131 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation?

1. AHyperthyroidism, with suppressed thyroid hormone production
2. BFamilial hypercholesterolemia, unrelated to the thyroid results
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium
4. DSecondary hypothyroidism from failure of the pituitary gland