Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

A low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) means that:

1. AThe red cells are smaller than normal (microcytic)
2. BThe bone marrow is making too many white cells
3. CThe red cells are larger than normal (macrocytic)
4. DThe red cells contain more hemoglobin than normal

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ABacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
2. BKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting
3. CRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
4. DGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels

What does the specificity of a diagnostic test describe?

1. AThe total number of people who take the test each year
2. BThe cost of the test compared with other tests
3. CThe proportion of people without the disease who test negative
4. DThe proportion of people with the disease who test positive

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?

1. ARed cell casts
2. BBilirubin
3. CKetones
4. DNitrites

A patient with type 2 diabetes starts prednisone each morning. When is the glucose most likely to be highest?

1. AIn the early morning, before the dose
2. BThe glucose will not change
3. CIn the afternoon and evening
4. DAt midnight only

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with unknown HIV status. Which test is usually done for the nurse as soon as possible?

1. AA serum lipase test
2. BA thyroid panel test
3. CA baseline HIV test
4. DA sweat chloride test

A patient with severe sepsis is oozing blood from IV sites. Platelets 40 × 10³/µL, fibrinogen low, D-dimer very high, PT and aPTT both prolonged. Which condition fits best?

1. ADisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
3. CHemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
4. DImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9,8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. ALook for a source of blood loss in the gut
2. BGive iron and do no further tests at all
3. CStart vitamin B₁₂ injections
4. DRepeat the blood count in one year