Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all
2. BOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
3. CThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
4. DUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder

A patient has a hemoglobin of 19,5 g/dL (195 g/L) and a hematocrit of 58%. Which term describes this?

1. AThrombocytopenia (low platelets)
2. BPolycythemia (erythrocytosis)
3. CPancytopenia (all cells low)
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

What is a typical reference range for the hematocrit in an adult woman?

1. AAbout 55–65%
2. BAbout 10–15%
3. CAbout 20–28%
4. DAbout 37–47%

A patient has had severe watery diarrhea for 4 days. Which laboratory pattern would the nurse expect?

1. ALow glucose and high magnesium
2. BHigh sodium and high calcium
3. CHigh potassium and high bicarbonate
4. DLow potassium and low bicarbonate

A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?

1. AA completely normal iron status
2. BIron overload from too much iron
3. CIron deficiency without anemia yet
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia

A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?

1. ACreatine kinase (CK)
2. BSerum ammonia
3. CSerum lipase
4. DCardiac troponin

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10,5 mmol/L), pH 7,15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from COPD
2. BSimple fasting ketosis only
3. CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
4. DEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis

A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11,6 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?

1. AVitamin D deficiency
2. BCancer-related hypercalcemia
3. CPrimary hyperparathyroidism
4. DHypoparathyroidism