Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
2. BOnly when it is caused by a virus
3. CWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
4. DWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
2. BIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter

Коли ідеально збирати зразок мокротиння на посів при підозрі на пневмонію?

1. AУ будь-який час, бо антибіотики не впливають на посів
2. BЛише якщо через тиждень немає покращення
3. CПеред першою дозою антибіотика, не відкладаючи її
4. DПісля трьох днів антибіотикотерапії

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. ADrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
2. BRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
3. COne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
4. DIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up

A patient on theophylline develops nausea, vomiting, a fast heart rate and restlessness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ATheophylline toxicity
2. BA theophylline allergy causing a rash
3. CAn expected sign that the drug is working
4. DHypoglycaemia caused by the drug

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA blocked pulmonary artery
2. BA leaking aortic valve
3. CA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
4. DA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk
2. BA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min
3. CA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night
4. DA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38,2 °C

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a second dose to finish the treatment
2. BSlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
3. CContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect
4. DStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help