Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. ACigarette smoking
2. BEating too much salt
3. CChildhood asthma
4. DA viral infection

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt closes the aortic valve
2. BIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
3. CIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
4. DIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node

Де найчастіше виникають венозні виразки ніг?

1. AНад присередньою кісточкою (внутрішньою частиною щиколотки)
2. BНа кінчиках пальців ніг
3. CНа задній частині п'яти
4. DПід головками плеснових кісток на підошві

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA cold, white foot with no pulse
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
4. DA sharply defined red patch with fever

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ASignificant peripheral arterial disease
2. BA deep vein thrombosis
3. CStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
4. DNormal leg circulation

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AHold the breath for as long as possible
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
4. DLie flat on the back with the legs straight

A patient's blood gas shows pH 7,26, PaCO₂ 9,0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?

1. AMetabolic alkalosis
2. BRespiratory alkalosis
3. CAcute respiratory acidosis
4. DMetabolic acidosis with compensation

A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
2. BTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose
3. CShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
4. DLeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone