Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is an embolus?

1. AA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
2. BA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
3. CA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture
4. DA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. ABy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
2. BBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
3. CIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
4. DBy mouth, crushed and given with water

Which three symptoms are classic in severe aortic stenosis?

1. ACalf pain, leg swelling and redness of one leg
2. BFever, painful swollen joints and a spreading skin rash
3. CWheeze, cough and clear sputum
4. DExertional chest pain, fainting and breathlessness

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APericarditis
2. BPulmonary oedema
3. CPneumothorax
4. DAsthma

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AChest compressions until the rate slows
2. BAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
3. CVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
4. DA large oral dose of digoxin

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
2. BIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
3. CIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling
4. DIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
2. BThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
3. CThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
4. DThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
2. BGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
3. CRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
4. DEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care