Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. ABy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
2. BBy mouth, crushed and given with water
3. CBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
4. DIntravenously or by the intraosseous route

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe renal artery
3. CThe glomerulus
4. DThe collecting duct only

Which coronary artery mainly supplies the front (anterior) wall of the left ventricle?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe circumflex artery only
3. CThe right coronary artery and its marginal branch
4. DThe pulmonary artery

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything
2. BWait until the next routine observations in four hours
3. CReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
4. DStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
3. CBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
4. DCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake a beta-blocker before exercise
2. BUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
3. CExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
4. DAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AAn asthma attack
2. BDecompensated heart failure
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
4. DContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly