Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Which of these is one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest known as the "4 Hs"?

1. AHypoxia
2. BHyperglycaemia
3. CHyperventilation
4. DHypertension

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
2. BLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
3. CA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
4. DA dull area that shifts when the patient turns

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. APneumococcal pneumonia
2. BOral thrush
3. CA viral common cold
4. DAllergic rhinitis

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
2. BIt slows the heart rate dangerously
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. AKept still in a standing position for long periods
2. BCrossed at the knees while sitting
3. CRaised above the level of the heart when resting
4. DHanging down over the side of the bed

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
3. CBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
4. DCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy

A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
2. B"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
3. C"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."
4. D"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."

Трубка плеврального дренажу пацієнта від'єдналася від системи дренування. Що має зробити медсестра насамперед?

1. AЗалишити відкритою на повітрі, доки лікар не прийде її оглянути
2. BВидалити дренаж із грудної клітки й накрити місце
3. CНегайно під'єднати її або занурити кінець трубки в стерильну воду, потім оцінити стан
4. DПережати трубку на кілька годин і перевірити пацієнта пізніше