Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot
2. BThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour
3. CThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse
4. DThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA rising level of oxygen in the blood
2. BA falling level of potassium in the blood
3. CA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
4. DA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Який звичайний цільовий діапазон МНВ у пацієнта, що приймає варфарин при фібриляції передсердь?

1. A1,0–1,5
2. B4,0–5,0
3. C0,5–1,0
4. D2,0–3,0

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
2. BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
3. CTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
4. DTo replace a damaged heart valve

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. AA sawtooth baseline
2. BDelta waves before the QRS
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DProminent U waves

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ARespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
2. BGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
3. CTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
4. DDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. ALeft ventricular failure
2. BCor pulmonale
3. CDeep vein thrombosis
4. DAortic stenosis