Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ABreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
2. BNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
3. CVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
4. DDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
2. BLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
3. CA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
4. DA dull area that shifts when the patient turns

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. AA warm hand at rest
2. BA regular pulse of 80/min
3. CBreathing room air
4. DCarbon monoxide poisoning

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
4. DIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
4. DPotassium has no link with either medicine

Why is aspirin chewed rather than swallowed whole in a suspected acute coronary syndrome?

1. AWhole aspirin tablets cannot be absorbed at all from the gut
2. BChewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
3. CChewing stops the aspirin from irritating the lining of the stomach
4. DChewing changes aspirin into an anticoagulant

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
4. DContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. ANot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
2. BStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
3. CStart CPR but use only chest compressions
4. DCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate