Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. ALoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
2. BA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
3. CA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
4. DA dull area that shifts when the patient turns

What is the normal range for arterial PaCO₂?

1. AAbout 8,0–9,0 kPa (60–68 mmHg)
2. BAbout 4,7–6,0 kPa (35–45 mmHg)
3. CAbout 10–13 kPa (75–100 mmHg)
4. DAbout 1,0–2,0 kPa (8–15 mmHg)

Що таке «коливання» (tidaling) у камері водяного замка плеврального дренажу?

1. AРух кров'яних згустків по дренажній трубці
2. BХитання системи дренажу, коли пацієнт іде
3. CРух рівня рідини вгору та вниз із диханням
4. DПостійне бульбашкування незалежно від дихання пацієнта

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AIron-deficiency anaemia
2. BEssential hypertension of ageing
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DHypothyroidism

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. ACheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
2. BUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
3. CCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
4. DWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
2. BA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
3. CA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
4. DA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. ATube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
2. BNormal variation that needs no action
3. CA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
4. DA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function