Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ADeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis
2. BNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
3. CBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
4. DVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal dominant
2. BAutosomal recessive
3. CX-linked recessive
4. DIt is not inherited

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
2. BNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
3. CInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
4. DFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery
2. BThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
3. CThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
4. DThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ARapid doses cause severe constipation
2. BRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise
3. CSlow injection makes the urine output larger
4. DRapid high doses can damage hearing

Яка комбінація класів препаратів покращує виживання при серцевій недостатності зі зниженою фракцією викиду?

1. AЛише петльовий діуретик у найвищій переносимій дозі
2. BНПЗЗ, аспірин, статин і тіазидний діуретик
3. CІнгібітор АПФ або ARNI, бета-блокатор, MRA та інгібітор SGLT2
4. DПетльовий діуретик, дигоксин, нітрат і блокатор кальцієвих каналів

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
2. BWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing
3. CKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles
4. DEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough

The monitor of a patient with a permanent pacemaker shows pacing spikes, but none of them is followed by a QRS complex. What does this mean?

1. AFailure to sense
2. BNormal pacemaker function
3. CFailure to capture
4. DAtrial fibrillation