Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is an embolus?

1. AA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
2. BA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture
3. CA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
4. DA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere

Which three symptoms are classic in severe aortic stenosis?

1. AFever, painful swollen joints and a spreading skin rash
2. BWheeze, cough and clear sputum
3. CCalf pain, leg swelling and redness of one leg
4. DExertional chest pain, fainting and breathlessness

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
2. BThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out
3. CThe volume of one normal resting breath
4. DThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
2. BIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day
3. CIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
4. DIt slows the heart rate dangerously

Який набір побічних ефектів типовий для тіазидних чи тіазидоподібних діуретиків, як-от індапамід?

1. AВисокий калій і натрій, низька сечова кислота та низька глюкоза крові
2. BНизький калій і натрій, підвищена сечова кислота та підвищена глюкоза
3. CСухий кашель, порушення смаку та набряк губ
4. DВисокий натрій і магній із низькою глюкозою крові

During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?

1. AContinuously for at least 30 seconds
2. BOnly while withdrawing the catheter
3. COnly while inserting the catheter
4. DBefore the catheter enters the airway

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASpontaneous pneumothorax
2. BIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DCommunity-acquired pneumonia

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
2. BDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster
3. CReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
4. DAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach