Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AA narrowed aortic valve
2. BInflammation of the pericardium
3. CHeart failure with fluid overload
4. DA normal finding of good fitness

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe coronary sinus
2. BThe venae cavae
3. CThe pulmonary arteries
4. DThe pulmonary veins

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. AA regular pulse of 80/min
2. BA warm hand at rest
3. CCarbon monoxide poisoning
4. DBreathing room air

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo keep the pads from burning the skin
2. BTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
3. CTo allow the use of a lower battery charge
4. DTo make the shock less painful for the patient

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
2. BIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling
3. CIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
4. DIt dilates the arteries throughout the body

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ATake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
2. BTake the average of ten blows after exercise
3. CTake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day
4. DBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACommunity-acquired pneumonia
2. BSpontaneous pneumothorax
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A nurse teaches a patient how to measure blood pressure at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will rest quietly for five minutes before measuring."
2. B"I will take two readings and write them both down."
3. C"I will measure it straight after my morning jog."
4. D"I will sit with my back supported and my arm at heart level."