Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

1. A7,50–7,65
2. B7,00–7,20
3. C7,35–7,45
4. D6,80–7,00

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AA viral common cold
2. BPneumococcal pneumonia
3. CAllergic rhinitis
4. DOral thrush

What is a thoracentesis?

1. AMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube
2. BRemoving a lobe of the lung
3. CInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside
4. DRemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle

How big should a suction catheter be compared with the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube?

1. AExactly the same diameter as the tube, for a tight fit
2. BAny size, as the diameter does not matter
3. CLarger than the tube, so that it clears it completely
4. DNo more than half the internal diameter of the tube

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. ATake an extra dose if the ankles swell
2. BExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
3. CKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
4. DAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. AQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
2. BSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
3. CSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
4. DThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth

Thirty minutes after extubation, a patient develops a high-pitched noise on breathing in and is anxious. SpO₂ is falling. What should the nurse do?

1. ASit the patient up, give oxygen and call for urgent airway help
2. BEncourage the patient to sleep it off and recheck them in an hour
3. CLay the patient flat and reassure them
4. DGive a large drink of cold water to soothe the throat and settle it

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. AReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
2. BStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
3. CTake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
4. DStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop