Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

When do the coronary arteries of the left ventricle mainly fill with blood?

1. ADuring diastole
2. BOnly during exercise
3. COnly during inspiration
4. DDuring systole

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe Purkinje fibres
2. BThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3. CThe sinoatrial (SA) node
4. DThe bundle of His

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 500 mL
2. BAbout 1,5 litres
3. CAbout 50 mL
4. DAbout 5 litres

Analysis of a pleural effusion shows it is an exudate (high protein and LDH compared with blood). Which cause is most likely?

1. ANephrotic syndrome with protein lost in urine
2. BHeart failure with raised venous pressure
3. CLiver cirrhosis with a low albumin
4. DPneumonia or cancer affecting the pleura

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
2. BWait until the next routine observations in four hours
3. CStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better
4. DStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol
2. BA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
3. CA loop diuretic such as furosemide
4. DAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan

Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?

1. AAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
2. BMeasuring and recording the morning weight
3. CDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose
4. DTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
2. B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
3. C"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
4. D"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."