Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA high level of fluid in the tissues
2. BA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
3. CA low level of sodium in the blood
4. DA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A30–50 beats per minute
2. B60–100 beats per minute
3. C40–60 beats per minute
4. D100–140 beats per minute

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
2. BThat the patient has never met TB
3. CInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
4. DComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
4. DBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AA chest drain is in place
2. BAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded
3. CThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
4. DThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)

After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?

1. AKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
2. BKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling
3. CSitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
4. DLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump

A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?

1. APotassium and magnesium
2. BFerritin and vitamin B₁₂
3. CAmylase and lipase
4. DAlbumin and bilirubin

An older patient's varicose vein bursts at the ankle and bleeds heavily. What is the most effective first aid?

1. ALie the patient down, raise the leg and press firmly on the site
2. BStand the patient up so the blood flows away and clots faster
3. CKeep the leg hanging down over the bed
4. DApply a hot compress to the leg to help the vein close up