Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What does a "reliever" inhaler do in asthma?

1. AIt thins the mucus over several days
2. BIt relaxes the airway muscles quickly to ease symptoms
3. CIt reduces the airway inflammation steadily over several weeks
4. DIt kills bacteria in the airways

What does central cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicate?

1. ALow oxygen saturation of the arterial blood
2. BA high haemoglobin level only
3. CNormal findings in older adults
4. DCold hands caused by the room, with normal oxygen levels

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. AHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
2. BNormal percussion and bronchial breathing
3. CCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
4. DDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
2. BKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
3. CTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
4. DAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
2. BThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
3. CA chest drain is in place
4. DAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
2. BThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
3. CThe tube has entered the oesophagus
4. DThe tube cuff has burst during insertion

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7,50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. AMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
2. BRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DRespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation