Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Як слід приймати спрей чи таблетки гліцерилу тринітрату (нітрогліцерину) при стенокардії?

1. AПроковтнути цілою, запивши склянкою води
2. BПід язик, коли пацієнт сидить
3. CПід язик, коли пацієнт стоїть прямо
4. DРозжувати й проковтнути після їди

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. ADry mouth
2. BOral thrush
3. CDiarrhoea
4. DWeight gain

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe pulse pressure
2. BThe diastolic pressure
3. CThe systolic pressure
4. DThe mean arterial pressure

During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AHyperkalaemia
2. BPericarditis
3. CA normal finding during pain
4. DMyocardial ischaemia

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
2. BRun it at the highest possible gas flow
3. CGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
4. DUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist

Why is active tuberculosis treated with several drugs for at least six months?

1. ABecause the bacteria are resistant to all drugs at first
2. BTo kill slow-growing bacteria and prevent drug resistance
3. CTo reduce the number of side effects compared with one drug
4. DBecause each drug works on a different organ only

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. ALMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
2. BUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
3. CLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
4. DUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
2. BDo extra exercise to open the airways
3. CFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
4. DStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs