Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe glomerulus
2. BThe loop of Henle
3. CThe collecting duct only
4. DThe renal artery

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
2. BThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
3. CThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
4. DThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal leg circulation
2. BStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DSignificant peripheral arterial disease

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

У пацієнта біль посередині грудей і STEMI на ЕКГ. Що це зазвичай потребує?

1. AРезультату тропоніну до ухвалення будь-якого рішення про лікування
2. BЕкстреної реперфузії, переважно первинного ЧКВ
3. CГоспіталізації та повторної ЕКГ наступного ранку
4. DПерорального бета-блокатора та виписки, якщо біль минув

A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism has BP 78/50 mmHg despite fluids, and the right ventricle is dilated on echocardiography. Which treatment is most likely?

1. AOral apixaban only, started next week
2. BCompression stockings and bed rest
3. CSystemic thrombolysis
4. DAn inhaled bronchodilator

A patient has been on continuous NIV via a full-face mask for two days. Which nursing measure helps prevent the most common complication?

1. ACheck mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
2. BRemove the mask for an hour each time the alarm sounds
3. CUse the same mask size for every patient
4. DTighten the straps as far as they will go to stop any leak