Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. ABreathlessness on lying flat
2. BA pause or stop in breathing
3. CA breathing rate above normal
4. DCoughing up blood

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
3. CWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
4. DA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. AAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
2. BVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
3. CAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
4. DSinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. AContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy
2. BDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure
3. CStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
4. DDiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
2. BAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA lung function test
2. BA plain chest X-ray and an ECG
3. CAn exercise ECG
4. DCompression duplex ultrasound

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
2. BSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases
3. CIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
4. DStopping now will make the operation more dangerous

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. ANormal recovery; no action is needed
2. BWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
3. CPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic
4. DAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation