Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AA bacterial infection of the alveoli
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
4. DScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2. BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
3. CBlood flowing quickly into the atria
4. DThe heart muscle stretching in diastole

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

1. A15 compressions to 2 breaths
2. B5 compressions to 1 breath
3. C50 compressions to 5 breaths
4. D30 compressions to 2 breaths

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops
2. BExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection
3. CTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
4. DExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
2. BAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded
3. CThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
4. DA chest drain is in place

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AWithin 2 hours of arrival
2. BWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
3. CThe following morning
4. DOnly after the troponin result is available

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute respiratory distress syndrome
2. BAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DSpontaneous pneumothorax

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AIt is needed only while she has palpitations
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
4. DHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it