Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What does a nebuliser do?

1. AIt sucks secretions out of the airway
2. BIt turns a liquid medicine into a fine mist to breathe in
3. CIt warms and filters the air entering a tracheostomy tube
4. DIt measures the level of oxygen in the blood through the skin

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt divides the trachea into two bronchi
2. BIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
3. CIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
4. DIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. ANumbness and tingling of the feet and hands
2. BOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
3. CA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
4. DBlurred vision or changes in colour vision

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
2. BApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart
2. BIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins
3. CIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins
4. DIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
2. BCheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
3. CDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
4. DGive IV amiodarone as a bolus

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night
2. BA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38,2 °C
3. CA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk
4. DA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. ANot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
2. BStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
3. CCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate
4. DStart CPR but use only chest compressions