Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Чому гіпертензію часто називають «тихим вбивцею»?

1. AВона завжди спричиняє головний біль, на який пацієнти навчаються не зважати
2. BВона виникає переважно вночі під час сну
3. CВона часто не дає симптомів, але пошкоджує органи
4. DЇї можна виявити лише аналізом крові

Який звичайний діапазон потоку кисню через стандартну носову канюлю в дорослих?

1. A10–15 L/min
2. B20–40 L/min
3. C0,1–0,2 L/min
4. D1–6 L/min

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ADull ache that slowly builds over several days
2. BCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
3. CBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
4. DSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. ADry cough
2. BDiarrhoea
3. CConstipation
4. DHair loss

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. ARemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
2. BIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
3. COne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
4. DDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team

Analysis of a pleural effusion shows it is an exudate (high protein and LDH compared with blood). Which cause is most likely?

1. AHeart failure with raised venous pressure
2. BNephrotic syndrome with protein lost in urine
3. CPneumonia or cancer affecting the pleura
4. DLiver cirrhosis with a low albumin

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ANurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
2. BLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
3. CGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
4. DUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution