Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
2. BThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
3. CThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
4. DThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers
2. BEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
3. CMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
4. DContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
2. BNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
3. CA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
3. CBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
4. DBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor

Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?

1. AWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min
2. BRegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes
3. CA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
4. DP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. ABrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
2. BA sharply defined red patch with fever
3. CA cold, white foot with no pulse
4. DPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete
3. CSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
4. DAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow

Через годину після операції на серці медіастинальний дренаж відвів 350 mL яскраво-червоної крові, а ЧСС зростає. Що має зробити медсестра?

1. AПережати дренаж, щоб зупинити подальшу втрату крові
2. BНегайно повідомити хірургічну команду
3. CСильно «видоювати» трубку кожні п'ять хвилин
4. DЗаписати об'єм і продовжити щогодинні перевірки