Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Яка аритмія найбільше підвищує ризик ішемічного інсульту?

1. AСинусова тахікардія під час фізичного навантаження
2. BСинусова аритмія
3. CФібриляція передсердь
4. DСинусова брадикардія у спортсмена

What should patients starting rifampicin (rifampin) be told about their urine, sweat and tears?

1. AThey may turn green, which means infection
2. BThey will become completely colourless
3. CThey may turn orange-red, which is harmless
4. DThey may turn black, which means bleeding

Amlodipine belongs to which drug class?

1. AAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
2. BCardioselective beta-blockers
3. CLoop diuretics
4. DCalcium channel blockers

After repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which regular assessment helps detect a blocked graft or clots in the legs?

1. AChecking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
2. BChecking the pupils' response to light
3. CTesting the gag reflex every four hours after surgery
4. DMeasuring the blood glucose every hour through the night

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ASacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
4. DThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
2. BAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
3. CTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
4. DExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left subclavian artery
2. BThe circumflex artery
3. CThe right coronary artery and its branches
4. DThe left anterior descending artery

A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L (6,8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
2. BAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
3. CA dose of digoxin
4. DOral potassium supplements