Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. AWeak heart muscle
2. BObstruction to airflow
3. CNormal lung function
4. DLow haemoglobin

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt closes the aortic valve
2. BIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
3. CIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
4. DIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. ACarbon monoxide poisoning
2. BA warm hand at rest
3. CA regular pulse of 80/min
4. DBreathing room air

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
2. BIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
3. CExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
4. DIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
2. BStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
3. CStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high
4. DStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. ADelta waves before the QRS
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CProminent U waves
4. DA sawtooth baseline

Пацієнт, що одужує після інфаркту міокарда, тривожиться через повернення до нормального життя. Яке втручання найкраще підтримує одужання?

1. AПорада назавжди уникати будь-яких вправ
2. BПорада лежати в ліжку три місяці
3. CПорада припинити таблетки, коли пацієнт почувається добре
4. DНаправлення на кардіореабілітацію

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
2. B"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
3. C"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
4. D"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."