Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
2. BThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
3. CAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
2. BStroke volume divided by heart rate
3. CMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
4. DSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Яка ознака найтиповіша для правошлуночкової серцевої недостатності?

1. AРожеве пінисте мокротиння й дрібні хрипи в обох основах легень
2. BНічні пробудження від нестачі повітря
3. CЗадишка лише в положенні лежачи
4. DНабряки у нижніх відділах тіла та підвищений тиск у яремних венах

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
2. BWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
3. CImmediately after the scope is removed
4. DAfter a full 24 hours without food

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. AReduced peripheral perfusion
2. BAn unusually strong cardiac output
3. CNormal peripheral perfusion
4. DA high haemoglobin level

Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?

1. ACorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
2. BLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
3. CPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
4. DTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
2. B"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
3. C"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."
4. D"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."

Three days after an MI, a patient faints on the commode while straining hard to open the bowels. The heart rate was 42/min at the time. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. AA new pulmonary embolism
2. BA vagal response to straining
3. CLow blood glucose from fasting
4. DAn allergic reaction to the commode