Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: ШКТ, періопераційний період та онкологія» з відповідями

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
2. BA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
3. CAn open wound with visible bone at the base
4. DA wound covered with thick black eschar

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ASlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
2. BHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
3. CRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
4. DNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals

Що таке гематохезія?

1. AЧорний, дьогтеподібний кал із різким запахом
2. BБлювання свіжою червоною кров'ю
3. CСвіжа червона кров, що виділяється з прямої кишки
4. DВідкашлювання яскраво-червоного мокротиння з кров'ю

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether IV fluids are needed
2. BTeaching the patient about high-output risks
3. CAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
4. DEmptying the pouch and measuring the output

How should a patient use an incentive spirometer after surgery?

1. ABreathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly
2. BBlow out as hard and as fast as possible
3. CUse it once a day, just before going to sleep at night
4. DBreathe quickly in and out ten times in a row

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their surgery always takes longer than others
2. BBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
3. CBecause they need to go home before midday
4. DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AVenous insufficiency
2. BOsteomyelitis
3. CA healing category 1 ulcer
4. DSimple dry skin

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
2. BIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
3. CIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
4. DIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high