Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: ШКТ, періопераційний період та онкологія» з відповідями

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery
2. BHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope
3. CHow far the cancer has spread in the body
4. DThe patient's age when diagnosed

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
2. BIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
3. CIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy
4. DIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly

What is the key difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?

1. AA malignant tumour never needs any treatment
2. BA malignant tumour invades nearby tissue and can spread
3. CA benign tumour always spreads to the lymph nodes
4. DA benign tumour always grows faster than a malignant one

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. AEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test
2. BAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
3. CDrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation
4. DTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. AThiazide diuretics
2. BNon-selective beta-blockers
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DCalcium supplements

Which is a recognised cause of anaphylaxis during surgery?

1. ASterile normal saline
2. BChlorhexidine skin preparation
3. CThe patient's own blood from cell salvage
4. DA warmed blanket

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
2. BAssume there is no pain because none is reported
3. CWait until a relative can confirm the pain
4. DGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia

A patient on modified-release morphine for cancer pain has needed four breakthrough doses every day for several days. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to put up with the pain between doses
2. BReport it, as the regular background dose may need review
3. CStop the breakthrough doses to reduce opioid use
4. DGive all breakthrough doses at the same time