Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: ШКТ, періопераційний період та онкологія» з відповідями

Which signs suggest peritonitis?

1. AGuarding, rebound tenderness and a rigid abdomen
2. BA soft abdomen with no pain on pressing
3. CA small, painless lump near the umbilicus
4. DLoud bowel sounds with a hungry feeling

What is the main purpose of a surgical wound drain?

1. ATo remove fluid or blood that collects at the operation site
2. BTo measure the patient's temperature
3. CTo give IV fluids and antibiotics straight into the wound bed
4. DTo feed the patient after surgery

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ACramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
2. BSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
3. CBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)
4. DPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
2. BSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
3. CThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
4. DSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery

Why is IV albumin often given after a large-volume paracentesis?

1. ATo treat infection in the ascitic fluid
2. BTo prevent low blood pressure and kidney injury from fluid shifts
3. CTo raise the blood glucose after the procedure
4. DTo replace the clotting factors and platelets lost in the drained fluid

What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?

1. ATreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
2. BTreatment that is given instead of any surgery
3. CTreatment given only for pain relief
4. DTreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
2. B"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
3. C"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
4. D"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
3. CIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
4. DIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose