Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: ШКТ, періопераційний період та онкологія» з відповідями

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
4. DStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ABecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason
2. BSo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately
3. CBecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
4. DBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure

What is atelectasis?

1. ACollapse of small air sacs in part of the lung
2. BSwelling of both ankles caused by lying in bed after surgery
3. CInfection of the surgical wound
4. DA blood clot in a leg vein

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
2. BThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
3. CThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
4. DThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. AMigraine caused by hospital lighting
2. BA side effect of the antibiotic
3. CRaised blood pressure from pain
4. DPost-dural puncture headache

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. APain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
2. BOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority
3. COpioids must never be used in pancreatitis
4. DOnly paracetamol may be given

Шкіра навколо ілеостоми пацієнта червона, оголена й мокне, а мішок часто протікає. Яка найімовірніша причина?

1. AНормальна реакція, що не потребує змін у догляді
2. BАлергія на сам кал, що потребує стероїдів
3. CІшемія стоми, що потребує термінової операції
4. DВміст на шкірі, часто через погано підігнаний калоприймач

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
2. B"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
3. C"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
4. D"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."