Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

What is the most common cause of intrinsic (renal) acute kidney injury in hospital?

1. APolycystic kidney disease
2. BKidney stones
3. CAcute tubular necrosis
4. DAn enlarged prostate

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ADrinking too much water
2. BNot drinking enough water
3. CEating too much fruit
4. DTaking too much insulin

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. ARegular eye screening with retinal photographs
2. BA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
3. CWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
4. DChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AInsulin acts as a strong painkiller
2. BNerve damage can blunt the pain signals
3. CPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
4. DHigh glucose protects the heart from pain

Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?

1. ALow cholesterol
2. BBleeding from low platelets
3. CHypoglycaemia
4. DVenous thrombosis

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
2. BKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
3. CRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
4. DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often

A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?

1. AA rib fracture from coughing
2. BA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest
3. CIndigestion from phosphate binders
4. DUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
2. BVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
3. CThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
4. DThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants