Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. ARegular eye screening with retinal photographs
2. BA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
3. CChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit
4. DWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
4. DAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
2. BIt is cured by levodopa
3. CIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements
4. DIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DWashing lowers the glucose in the blood

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with hypothyroidism
2. BA patient with an allergy to latex
3. CA patient with asthma
4. DA patient with heart failure

Which symptoms are typical of hypokalaemia?

1. ATingling lips and facial twitching
2. BExcess thirst and very high glucose
3. CMuscle weakness, cramps and palpitations
4. DHeat intolerance and weight loss

A patient has erratic glucose readings. The nurse finds a soft, rubbery lump where they always inject. What is the most important teaching?

1. AKeep injecting into the lump, because it hurts less there
2. BMassage the lump firmly after every injection
3. CUse healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed
4. DDouble the insulin dose because the lump blocks the insulin

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AKidney disease makes the meter read too low
2. BThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
3. CThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before
4. DKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin