Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt makes the liver release stored glucose
2. BIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine
3. CIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
4. DIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream

What is spinal shock?

1. AA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
2. BA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
3. CA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
4. DA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
2. BTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
3. CTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
4. DTo record the patient's blood glucose results

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
2. BThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
3. CThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
4. DStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture

У пацієнта з первинною недостатністю надниркових залоз гарячка. Яка звичайна порада «днів хвороби» щодо замісної терапії стероїдами?

1. AПрипинити стероїд, доки гарячка не мине
2. BЗалишити звичайну дозу й поки не пити додаткову рідину
3. CЗменшити дозу вдвічі, щоб знизити побічні ефекти
4. DЗбільшити дозу глюкокортикоїду, часто вдвічі

How do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin work?

1. AThey prolong the action of gut incretin hormones
2. BThey replace insulin that the pancreas cannot make
3. CThey stop the gut from absorbing fat
4. DThey block glucose reabsorption in the kidney

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6,9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
2. BOral potassium supplements and rest
3. CLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
4. DA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."