Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo stop the insulin from spreading to other organs
2. BTo avoid building up an immune response to the insulin
3. CTo prevent fatty lumps that absorb insulin unevenly
4. DTo make the insulin work faster each time

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. ABoth legs are weak with normal arms
2. BThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
3. CThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm
4. DThe same side of the body is weak

What does aldosterone do?

1. ALowers the blood calcium after meals
2. BMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
3. CMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium
4. DRaises the blood glucose between meals

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. AAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
2. BDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best
3. CDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up
4. DExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
2. BKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
3. CMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
4. DRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward

Про який побічний ефект слід навчити пацієнта, що тривало приймає фенітоїн?

1. AВипадання волосся на голові майже в усіх пацієнтів
2. BВтрата маси тіла та непереносимість тепла
3. CРозростання ясен, тому важлива гарна гігієна ротової порожнини
4. DПоступова незворотна втрата слуху

A patient's glucose is 6,2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA large snack eaten in the night by mistake
2. BThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo
3. CThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
4. DThe meter is faulty and should be replaced

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6,9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AOral potassium supplements and rest
2. BLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
3. CA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot
4. DUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile