Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. AFrequent urinary infections in childhood
2. BA diet high in fruit
3. CSmoking
4. DDrinking a lot of water

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour
2. BAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
3. CA lack of iodine in the diet
4. DA viral infection of the parathyroid glands

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
2. BSevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
3. CExcess thirst with a very high glucose
4. DItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
2. BTo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly
3. CTo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain
4. DTo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
2. BSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse
3. CThe temperature every four hours only
4. DThe patient's appetite at the next meal

A patient has confirmed meningococcal meningitis. What is usually offered to their close household contacts?

1. AA full course of IV antibiotics in hospital
2. BA lumbar puncture to check for infection
3. CNo action unless they develop symptoms
4. DPreventive antibiotics

A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2,9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?

1. ALow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
2. BDigoxin stops working when potassium is low
3. CDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels
4. DLow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
2. BA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
3. CA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
4. DHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction