Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AIbuprofen
2. BCodeine
3. CParacetamol (acetaminophen)
4. DMorphine

The nurse asks a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance. Which cranial nerve is being tested?

1. AHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2. BFacial nerve (VII)
3. CAccessory nerve (XI)
4. DTrigeminal nerve (V)

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
2. BThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
3. CAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
4. DA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
2. BThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
3. CThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
4. DThis proves a serious kidney infection

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
2. BDouble the dose if a seizure happens
3. CExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
4. DTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
2. BStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
3. CSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
4. DStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure

A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?

1. AUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
2. BA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest
3. CA rib fracture from coughing
4. DIndigestion from phosphate binders

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. ACarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
2. BCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
3. CThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium