Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

In hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose is given mainly to:

1. ARaise the blood glucose level
2. BLower the blood ammonia level
3. CStop bleeding from varices
4. DReduce fluid in the abdomen

Що таке терапевтичний індекс?

1. AВідсоток пероральної дози, що потрапляє в системний кровообіг
2. BСпіввідношення токсичної та ефективної доз
3. CЧас досягнення рівноважного стану
4. DКількість доз на добу

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus are used mainly to:

1. ARelieve acute pain after surgery
2. BLower high blood cholesterol
3. CPrevent rejection of transplanted organs
4. DTreat bacterial infections after surgery

A person who has never been vaccinated against tetanus has a deep, dirty wound. What is usually given?

1. AOral antibiotics only
2. BTetanus vaccine and tetanus immunoglobulin
3. CTetanus vaccine only, after the wound heals
4. DNo treatment unless symptoms appear

Поєднання СІЗЗС з яким препаратом найбільше підвищує ризик серотонінового синдрому?

1. AПарацетамолом
2. BАмоксициліном
3. CІнгібітором моноаміноксидази
4. DОмепразолом

Why is aspirin avoided in children and teenagers with viral illnesses such as flu or chickenpox?

1. AIt causes grey baby syndrome
2. BIt causes severe, permanent hearing loss in young children
3. CIt stops the vaccine from working
4. DIt is linked to Reye's syndrome, which harms the liver and brain

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways
2. BIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
3. CIt also acts as a bronchodilator
4. DIt is excreted faster by the kidney

A patient on long-term prednisolone has been vomiting for two days and could not take her tablets. She is now hypotensive and confused, with low sodium and high potassium. What is the most urgent treatment?

1. AIV hydrocortisone and IV fluids
2. BIV insulin with glucose only
3. CIV furosemide
4. DOral prednisolone with a glass of water