Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. AInnate immunity
2. BHerd immunity
3. CPassive immunity
4. DActive immunity

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. AReduce raised intracranial pressure
2. BTreat high blood pressure long term
3. CPrevent blood clots
4. DRaise serum potassium

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ABecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
2. BTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
3. CTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
2. BExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
3. CLeave the tablet on the bedside table for later
4. DHide the tablet in the patient's food

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and document the pulse
2. BGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour
3. CWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
4. DGive the dose with food to slow absorption

Який побічний ефект типовий для метоклопраміду, особливо в молодих людей?

1. AЕкстрапірамідні рухові розлади, як-от гостра дистонія
2. BНизька глюкоза крові
3. CТяжкий закреп
4. DСухий кашель

A patient with an epidural infusion of local anaesthetic becomes hypotensive. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. AThe epidural catheter has caused heavy bleeding
2. BThe drug increases urine output and causes dehydration
3. CThe local anaesthetic causes a severe allergic reaction
4. DBlockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week