Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AInto the abdomen under the skin
2. BInto a vein in the arm
3. CUnder the tongue
4. DInto the outer thigh muscle

What is a prodrug?

1. AA drug that prevents or reverses the effect of another drug in the body
2. BA drug that is given before surgery
3. CA drug that has passed all clinical trials
4. DA drug that is inactive until the body converts it into its active form

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic
2. BIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
3. CIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
4. DIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

1. ATake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
2. BTake it with alcohol to make it act faster
3. CTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
4. DDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect

Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?

1. AThey increase the clearance of salbutamol
2. BThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
3. CThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
4. DThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways

Why is a progestogen added to oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy for a woman who still has her uterus?

1. ATo reduce hot flushes much more than oestrogen alone can
2. BTo prevent breast cancer completely
3. CTo protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
4. DTo lower the risk of blood clots to zero

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. AExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
2. BWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
3. CAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling
4. DNormal tiredness after a long labour

Яка група ліків разом з інгібітором АПФ може спричинити небезпечну для життя гіперкаліємію?

1. AПетльові діуретики, як-от фуросемід у високій дозі внутрішньовенно
2. BТіазидні діуретики
3. CІнгібітори протонної помпи
4. DКалійзберігальні діуретики, як-от спіронолактон