Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Антибіотики ефективні проти:

1. AУсіх мікроорганізмів однаково
2. BАлергічних реакцій
3. CВірусів
4. DБактерій

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. APrevent blood clots
2. BReduce raised intracranial pressure
3. CTreat high blood pressure long term
4. DRaise serum potassium

Which adverse effect can follow long-term use of strong topical corticosteroids?

1. APermanent darkening of the nails
2. BIncreased hair loss on the scalp
3. CThinning of the skin
4. DThickening of the skin

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

1. ATake them all at the same time as cholestyramine
2. BMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
3. CTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
4. DTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
2. BStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
3. CIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
4. DMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker. What should the nurse advise about the first dose?

1. AExpect a short rise in blood pressure after the dose
2. BTake it in the morning with a cup of strong coffee to stay alert
3. CTake it only if the urine is darker than usual
4. DTake it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting

A 19-year-old woman is starting isotretinoin for severe acne. Which requirement is most important?

1. AReliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
2. BA high-vitamin A diet to boost the effect
3. CTaking the drug only at weekends
4. DWeekly hearing tests and monthly eye examinations during treatment

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways
2. BIt also acts as a bronchodilator
3. CIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
4. DIt is excreted faster by the kidney