Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Clomifene is used mainly to:

1. ATreat menopausal hot flushes and night sweats
2. BInduce ovulation in women with infertility
3. CStop postpartum bleeding
4. DPrevent pregnancy

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AOxytocin, the hormone of labour
2. BInsulin
3. CAldosterone
4. DAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Alendronate, used for osteoporosis, belongs to which class?

1. ACalcium channel blockers
2. BCorticosteroids
3. CThyroid hormones
4. DBisphosphonates

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
2. BA patient with mild seasonal allergies
3. CA healthy 1-year-old child
4. DA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia

A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?

1. AOral glucose gel poured into the mouth
2. BRapid-acting insulin under the skin
3. CGlucagon by injection or nasal spray
4. DIntramuscular adrenaline

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
2. BOnly when heartburn is severe
3. CStraight after a large evening meal
4. DWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. Which prophylaxis is usually started?

1. ACo-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
2. BOseltamivir to prevent influenza
3. CFluconazole to prevent urinary and skin infections
4. DIsoniazid to prevent hepatitis B

Why is clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav)?

1. AIt reduces the risk of penicillin allergy
2. BIt makes amoxicillin cross the blood–brain barrier more easily
3. CIt inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin
4. DIt slows the kidney excretion of amoxicillin