Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. ABone infections
2. BUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
3. CBacterial meningitis in adults and children
4. DPneumonia

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AUnder the tongue
2. BInto the outer thigh muscle
3. CInto the abdomen under the skin
4. DInto a vein in the arm

Який побічний ефект морфіну майже ніколи не минає при тривалому застосуванні?

1. AСонливість
2. BЗакреп
3. CНудота
4. DСвербіж

Ацикловір переважно використовують для лікування інфекцій, спричинених:

1. AВІЛ
2. BГерпесвірусами, як-от вірусом простого герпесу та варицела-зостер
3. CБактеріями, що виробляють бета-лактамазу
4. DВірусом грипу A

During adult cardiac arrest, how often is IV adrenaline (epinephrine) usually repeated?

1. AEvery 15–20 minutes
2. BEvery 30 seconds
3. COnce only, at the start
4. DEvery 3–5 minutes

Why is simvastatin traditionally taken in the evening?

1. AIt is inactivated by sunlight during the day
2. BIt is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
3. CIt causes too much drowsiness to be taken in the morning
4. DIt must be taken with the largest meal of the day

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. AThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours
2. BThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest
3. CParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
4. DLiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best

A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?

1. AStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
2. BTake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
3. CAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels
4. DNo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy