Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

What does "PRN" mean on a medication order?

1. ABefore meals
2. BAs needed
3. CImmediately, once only
4. DEvery morning

How does activated charcoal work in poisoning?

1. AIt speeds up liver metabolism of the poison
2. BIt binds (adsorbs) the poison in the gut so less is absorbed
3. CIt makes the patient vomit the poison before it is absorbed
4. DIt neutralises acids in the blood

Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?

1. ATo prevent infection in the mother
2. BTo stop contractions completely
3. CTo lower the mother's blood glucose
4. DTo speed up fetal lung maturity

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
2. BIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
3. CIt shrinks the prostate gland
4. DIt increases urine production in the kidney

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a tablet under the tongue
2. BAs a slow infusion over one hour
3. CAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
4. DAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush

A patient taking levodopa finds that the drug works poorly after large meals. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ADouble the dose after each meal
2. BTake the drug only at bedtime
3. CAvoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals
4. DTake every dose with a large glass of milk and a protein snack

Why are antipsychotics used with great caution in older people with dementia?

1. AThey cause severe hypoglycaemia in older people
2. BThey always cure the dementia and stop all behaviour problems
3. CThey are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
4. DThey are not absorbed in people over 65

Чому пацієнтам на нітратах тривалої дії радять мати щодня безнітратний період у кілька годин?

1. AЩоб зменшити ризик кровотечі
2. BЩоб уникнути накопичення нітрату в жировій тканині
3. CЩоб запобігти толерантності до нітрату
4. DЩоб печінка відновилася від токсичності