Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

How does activated charcoal work in poisoning?

1. AIt binds (adsorbs) the poison in the gut so less is absorbed
2. BIt neutralises acids in the blood
3. CIt makes the patient vomit the poison before it is absorbed
4. DIt speeds up liver metabolism of the poison

What is a "high-alert medication"?

1. AAny drug that is given by the intravenous or intramuscular route
2. BA drug that is expensive and must be kept in a locked cupboard
3. CA new drug during its first year on the market
4. DA drug that causes more serious harm when used in error

Чому деяким людям із хворобами серця призначають ацетилсаліцилову кислоту в низькій дозі?

1. AЩоб зменшити агрегацію тромбоцитів і запобігти тромбам
2. BЩоб сповільнити серцебиття
3. CЩоб негайно зняти біль у грудях
4. DЩоб знизити рівень холестерину в крові та стабілізувати бляшки

Which lab tests are monitored in a patient taking carbamazepine?

1. ASerum amylase and lipase
2. BINR and aPTT
3. CThyroid antibodies and cortisol
4. DFull blood count and serum sodium

Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler
2. BIt removes the need to shake the inhaler
3. CIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
4. DMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth

Methylergometrine (methylergonovine) is prescribed for postpartum bleeding. Which finding would make the nurse withhold it and check with the prescriber?

1. AHaemoglobin slightly below normal
2. BBlood pressure of 160/105 mmHg
3. CHeart rate of 88 per minute
4. DTemperature of 37,2 °C (99 °F)

Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?

1. ALow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
2. BNormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
3. CHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium
4. DHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium

An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?

1. AHigh serum sodium
2. BHigh serum calcium
3. CLow serum glucose
4. DLow serum magnesium